電磁閥在我們的生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛，我們在對生產(chǎn)的維護中一定遇見過不少有關(guān)電磁閥的問題，也處理過各種各樣的故障，大家也一定積累了不少有關(guān)電磁閥故障處理的經(jīng)驗，而我在維護中處理電磁閥故障相對別的儀控故障相對較少，現(xiàn)在我就這個問題一起和大家討論，渴望從大家那里學習更多的經(jīng)驗，共同提高。
我們先對電磁閥有個初步的認識，電磁閥是由電磁線圈和磁芯組成，是包含一個或幾個孔的閥體。當線圈通電或斷電時，磁芯的運轉(zhuǎn)將導致流體通過閥體或被切斷，以達到改變流體方向的目的。電磁閥的電磁部件由固定鐵芯、動鐵芯、線圈等部件組成；閥體部分由滑閥芯、滑閥套、彈簧底座等組成。電磁線圈被直接安裝在閥體上，閥體被封閉在密封管中，構(gòu)成一個簡潔、緊湊的組合。我們在生產(chǎn)中常用的電磁閥有二位三通、二位四通、二位五通等。這里先說說二位的含義：對于電磁閥來說就是帶電和失電，對于所控制的閥門來說就是開和關(guān)。
我們制氧機儀控系統(tǒng)中，二位三通電磁閥用的最多，它在生產(chǎn)中可用來接通或切斷氣 源，從而對氣動控制膜頭氣路進行切換。
德國Rexroth電磁閥，REXROTH電磁閥，德國力士樂電磁閥它由閥體、閥罩、電磁組件、彈簧及密封結(jié)構(gòu)等部件組成，動鐵芯底部的密封塊借助彈簧的壓力將閥體進氣口關(guān)閉。通電后，電磁鐵吸合，動鐵芯上部帶彈簧的密封塊把排氣口關(guān)閉，氣流從進氣口進入膜頭，起到控制作用。當失電時，電磁力消失，動鐵芯在彈簧力作用下離開固定鐵芯，向下移動，將排氣口打開，堵住進氣口，膜頭氣流經(jīng)排氣口排出，膜片恢復原來位置。在我們的制氧設(shè)備中，在透平膨脹機進口薄膜調(diào)節(jié)閥的緊急切斷等處有應(yīng)用。
四通電磁閥在我們的生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用也很多，其工作原理如下：
當有電流通過線圈時，產(chǎn)生勵磁作用，固定鐵芯吸合動鐵芯，動鐵芯帶動滑閥芯并壓縮彈簧，改變了滑閥芯的位置，從而改變了流體的方向。當線圈失電時，依靠彈簧的彈力推動滑閥芯，頂回動鐵芯，使流體按原來的方向流動。在我們制氧生產(chǎn)中，分子篩切換系統(tǒng)強制閥的開關(guān)就是通過二位四通電磁閥來控制的，氣流分別供至強制閥的活塞兩端。從而來控制強制閥的啟閉。
電磁閥的故障將直接影響到切換閥和調(diào)節(jié)閥的動作，常見的故障有電磁閥不動作，應(yīng)從以下幾方面排查：
（1）電磁閥接線頭松動或線頭脫落，電磁閥不得電，可緊固線頭。
（2）電磁閥線圈燒壞，可拆下電磁閥的接線，用萬用表測量，如果開路，則電磁閥線圈燒壞。原因有線圈受潮，引起絕緣不好而漏磁，造成線圈內(nèi)電流過大而燒毀，因此要防止雨水進入電磁閥。此外，彈簧過硬，反作用力過大，線圈匝數(shù)太少，吸力不夠也可使得線圈燒毀。緊急處理時，可將線圈上的手動按鈕由正常工作時的“0”位打到“1”位，使得閥打開。
（3）電磁閥卡住。電磁閥的滑閥套與閥芯的配合間隙很小（小于0.008mm），一般都是單件裝配，當有機械雜質(zhì)帶入或潤滑油太少時，很容易卡住。處理方法可用鋼絲從頭部小孔捅入，使其彈回。根本的解決方法是要將電磁閥拆下，取出閥芯及閥芯套，用CCI4清洗，使得閥芯在閥套內(nèi)動作靈活。拆卸時應(yīng)注意各部件的裝配順序及外部接線位置，以便重新裝配及接線正確，還要檢查油霧器噴油孔是否堵塞，潤滑油是否足夠。
（4）漏氣。漏氣會造成空氣壓力不足，使得強制閥的啟閉困難，原因是密封墊片損壞或滑閥磨損而造成幾個空腔竄氣。
在處理切換系統(tǒng)的電磁閥故障時，應(yīng)選擇適當?shù)臅r機， 等該電磁閥處于失電時進行處理，若在一個切換間隙內(nèi)處理不完，可將切換系統(tǒng)暫停，從容處理。

德國Rexroth電磁閥，REXROTH電磁閥，德國力士樂電磁閥

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